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HALF A CENTURY OF SPANISH CULTURE, 1885-1936

said today a book with forty-two years old. A delightful book, both for reading, for its subject and its author. The "Half a century" historians of Master Manuel Tuñón de Lara (Madrid, 1915-Vizcaya, 1997) is already, for his years of life, a historical source of essential reading for any study of contemporary culture in our country. But, for its methodology and state of the investigaión, has a permanent present. The book is written in 1968 in this special year for Western life. Written in the place of residence Don Manuel: Pau, a refuge for exiled English culture under Franco. These symposia in the history of Spain were the main focus of this culture of exile and whose teacher was Tuñón. Go to his resume.

Half a century of English culture, 1885-1936.

Manuel Tuñón de Lara.

1. Hypothesis. Part

author's purpose of writing the history of the " Silver Age" of English culture, period, author, comes to compare or surpass that of the "Golden Age "Of the sixteenth or seventeenth centuries. The definition is clear: the half century spanning from the year 1886 to 1936. The dates are significant: since the publication of The Regent the Report the doctor Vera the Social Reform Commission, or the Pact of El Pardo, among Cáovas and Sagasta, apocalyptic date in the history of Spain: 1936 and the beginning of civil war.

2.'s Spain Galdos and Clarin.

In every chapter of the book, in his notes as footnotes, profuse of course, is always in small print biography and a very comprehensive list of his works and writings of every author of that study. There is a simple manual that simple story, but its study is careful wording, almost like a test.

Try this first chapter itself, in some subjects treated by these two main authors realistic: The issue of women in The Regent of Clarín, Tristana , Torment or Fortunata and Jacinta both galdosiana, the issue of rogue, fully Galdós, anticlericalism in both writers, etc. Galdós

remains an urban writer full, especially in the geographical area the city of Madrid, while Alas "Clarín" is more descriptive of individual or collective psychology, especially that of reactionary thought fin de siecle of the Restoration regime and legislative apparatus of the Constitution of 1876.

3. Krausism and independent teaching institution.

Krausist

The movement, founded by the English philosopher Julián Sanz del Río is essential in the development of English culture. The Free Educational Institution, the ILE is a continuation of that movement Krausist. The struggle against the regime restoration the difficulties imposed against this backward society. Names appear here Manuel Bartolome Cossio or Gumersindo Azcarate, among others, besides, of course, Francissco Giner de los Rios, the father of the institution.

Francisco Giner de los Rios, the architect of the ILE.

4. The regeneration: Joaquín Costa and the "first" Unamuno.

The regeneracionismo , the movement of the early twentieth century, which emerged as a medicine against the gloom of defeat of the 1898 war, to four centuries later, our American adventure, is the subject of the chapter. Parades its main author: Joaquín Costa and analysis of his work oligarchy and despotism , as well as the secondary regeneration Mallada or Lucas Macías Picavea, the young Unamuno, Basilio Paraíso, Valenti Almirall, Prat de la Riba or Joan Maragall.

Joaquin Costa, Aragonese regeneracionista.

5. Praxis and theory of the social.

The birth of English Socialist Party (PSOE ) took the chapter. The date of May 2, 1879 is central to the lives of English workers. In 1888, in Barcelona, \u200b\u200band the party legalized by the government of Sagasta appear the figures of Dr. Jaime Vera and typographer Galician Pablo Iglesias. Examines the report to the Commission of Social Reforms , written by Vera.

Tombstone in Casa Labra, alluding to the foundation of the PSOE in 1879.

Casa Labra today.

6. Myth and reality of group 98.

is one of the best chapters of the book. Seamlessly analyzes different authors, both primary and secondary. Addresses the general (born out of Castile, individualistic and rebellious) that characterize those writers who, more than a generation, forming the group of 98. Analyzes the cases of partuculares Machado, Unamuno intrahistory of or landscapes Azorín, including, without neglecting other authors Maeztu minors.

7. Intellectuals and chieftaincy.

Try this scourge that prevented the full modernization the country. Makes exception of Catalan, especially Barcelona, \u200b\u200band the lack of arm extension cacique in the region. Back to the topic Unamunian of "intra ."

8. Men's 14: "Spain" and Spain. Try

in this chapter, the rupture of these writers and professionals in general, breaking with the above. They are a generation that surprised by her desire vitality and in counterpoint to the pessimism of the previous generation. It is the first modern generation and European English intellectuals. Urban bourgeoisie, open to Europe, modern thinking and political ideology. Trafficking As expected by impotancia, especially Manuel Azana , José Ortega y Gasset or Ramón Pérez de Ayala . Ortega and predicts the issue of mass society. Ortega, the great philosopher who is quoted abroad.

The masterpiece of Ortega y Gasset.

9. New social impacts of fact in the cultural task.

During these years, tried to project the culture among the English classes. The creation of the New School in 1911 was the most serious real attempt this noble task. Núñez de Arenas is their great support. With its commitment to the spread of culture for the people, organized conferences, via their platforms: Julián Besteiro , Américo Castro, García Morente or Fernando de los Rios.

10. Significance of the historical period 1917-1920.

These years of the end of the First World War and the ensuing conflict, besides the birth of the Soviet Union, influenced the later years of crisis in Western democracies. This revolution in the old Tsarist Russia led the Socialist Party split: after the visit of Ferdinand Rivers to Lenin in the Soviet Union made him reconsider and sociademócrata strongly compared to the outgoing branch of the party to create the Communist Party of Spain (PCE ).

11. The elite and the man.

The study of these threatening masses of the elite who so worries Ortega, is more deeply discussed in this chapter.

12. Archaic and contemporary rebellion.

And it's the turn of the youth of 27, claiming to Gongora and culteranismo. Parade among other authors: or Alberti Lorca . But the mention of Miguel Hernández is significant: it is the only truly poor writer, left the village, not the bourgeoisie. The young poet of Orihuela is goatherd in his youth pastor and immortalized by the music of singer Saw, as it did with Machado. Its sad ending in the camp makes it one of the victims of civil strife, actual death of an entire cultural era unique in our cultural history. Other writers discussed: Ramón J. Sender, or Max Aub with Valverde Street. The concern about the spread of culture among the people, is evident. creates the Educational Missions , and in the Second Republic, to spread culture among neighborhoods and villages far from it.

Miguel Hernandez, Orihuela goatherd poet.

13. Ideology and Social Sciences at the juncture of the thirties. Four Metal framed

Tuñón exposed in the process of establishing the link-intellectual society. Namely:

- Fear of social subversion.

- Criticism of the "vertical invasion of the barbarians."

- I, nevertheless, to approach the village.

- A new social system. Notably

figure Wenceslao Roces, the Castilian translator of the works of Marx: Das Kapital and Communist Manifesto. Oliveira Ramos also criticized the English capitalism.

Wenceslao Roces, the translator of the works of Karl Marx into Castilian.

14. Culture and society.

Yet even divorce between the intellectual and society, he concludes that it is much more developed that bond that fifty years ago, in full day before the great tragedy and loss limit of this period.

In sum, a special book, almost text of the time, easy Documet lectural well, a book, moreover, that paved the way for the exploration of the literary and cultural movement that occupied the same period of successive political systems of Spain in entresiglos: Restauación, Cuba and Philippine wars, regime crisis, disaster colonial dictatorship of Primo de Rivera, the Democratic Republic and tragic end in 1936.

How Many Calories In A Brownie

THE SPAIN OF CARLOS ll

Claudio Coello (1642-1693).

The Adoration of the Holy formed by Carlos II.

Sacristy of the Escorial.

semid symbol of a king, the last link

of the dynasty of Austria in Spain.

In recent times, history is being revised in general: we review old claims held by infallible, subjects who had studied old masters and were considered untouchable. Hery Kamen, a British historian based in Barcelona, \u200b\u200bis an accomplished Hispanic many years ago reviewed the history of our country. By 1981 he published his great work on the reign of the last Austria in Spain. At the end of that year I studied at the Complutense and knew the existence of the author. He had just published Charles II's Spain , a book that I had to consult to prepare for the exam part, without reading it fully.

Twenty-four years later I buy an issue contained in a street kiosk. I was starting to read articles and references less negative in that last third of the seventeenth century. Historically, English traditional historiography these years we had an absolute decline, and the monarch as little more or less than a deep subnormal "The Bewitched." The painting so famous and Claudio Coello negative interpretations, not helped much to change the image of the last Austria.

In 1714, by magic, suddenly left Spain for the simple presence of a Bourbon king, of the worst crises in its history to enter a remarkable recovery. All for a change of monarch smple dynasty? If a process has its genesis "The recovery will not start years ago? That is what the British historian attempt to. So did the Empire, the Inquisition, to Philip II, Philip V, and his latest work: The riddle of El Escorial, (2009). Let

summary analysis of that book.

The first item , by way of introduction: An unknown Spain, starts from ignorance of the rule for the English, even at that time, a country of incommunicado with each other realms, including villages body more or less close. Home

Kamen's book.

II. How were they governed the English? Sets here the operation of the monarchy culturally diverse, multi-language, laws, customs and privileges.
III. Schemes of life and death . The English population was slowly recovering from 1650. Only a few short-term stoppages (plague epidemics of 1647-52 or 1676-1685) holding back something that recovery.

IV. The economic recovery . Kamen established the date of 1680 as the beginning of change in the economic cycle and the expansion period will last until 1780. Recovery visible to Felipe V is rooted with Carlos. In 1679 he created the Trade in Madrid. But in Catalonia and the Basque Country was more rapid recovery and beginning to peel away the rest of the country.

V. The trading system . The sea is booming because of the bad situation of the roads. Cadiz is now beginning to dawn in front of Sevilla and guessing and the eventual removal of the House of town to the Atlantic. Bilbao, also known commercial rebirth. American precious metals have no impact on the English and only came to the expenses of the royal family. Presented here the case of the English merchant, born in Oran, Felipe de Moscoso and business activity of some magnitude. According to Kamen, is far from the English myth of disinterest toward commercial life.

VI. The urban environment. Emphasizes the low delinciencia English cities with the obvious exception Madrid, densely populated core and attracted a lot of unemployed population. Draws attention to the urban riots throughout Spain by breaking the belief of numbness of the English socieadad's reign. These riots are the origin of which it has in the eighteenth century (Squillace, 1766). Reasons for subsistence but also to stoke political issue nobles to conspire against valid.

VII. The rural population. note was a boom crop while having a tax burden to the poor, as in other parts of Europe. The bandits, however, remains very high throughout the country. Presents some cases of famous outlaws.

VIII. Church. Exposes the slow decline of the Inquisition, increasingly discredited the face of mounting complaints about abuses.

IX. aristocracy. The nobility sees profits fall, but remains strong and its weight. Exposed cases such as those of Osuna, Alba et al.

X. The bourgeoisie . The author notes an awakening of interest in business and entrepreneurship. Some minor nobles gentrification. Try the famous case of the Marquis Juan de Goyeneche, the Navarrese Baztán, who made his business venture in Madrid. Also your links in America with the possibility of progress that she made. Quote organization of Five Unions Madrid.

XI. The unprivileged. Examines the lives of poor people poor, abandoned children, gypsies, slaves. Their situation is similar to other European countries.

XII. religion. In a country almost entirely Catholic devotion gradually rise to the first comments anticlerical and blasphemies. Talk of resignation of minorities converts.

XIII. Towards a critical . In recent years foreign books had no obstacles in its circulation Spain. The cebsura is increasingly easy to circumvent. The artistic life suddenly falls as you want to believe: you hold the left at the time of Velázquez: Rizi, Carreño, Coello, Murillo, etc..

Madrid Talk shows are primarily medical issue and can speak of a small scientific revolution. But the scientific boom is peripheral, not Castilian.

XIV. The regency and Don Juan . The defeats in the battlefields of Europe are continuing after the fall of Don Juan José of Austria and its poor relations with the queen regent.

XV. The crisis years . Years of conspiracies and noble falls valid. The fall of the Count of Oropesa in 1691 has resulted in the most perticipación the king in the affairs of state. Kamen opens the door to possible personality of Charles II, known: not so mad or so apathetic as previously believed.

XVI. succession. Final presentation of the facts behind the will and last days of the life of the last English Habsburgs in 1700.

In Adventure magazine history this February (No. 136), is the article: not spell nor as decadent, Carlos II. The academic history, Luis Ribot, writes about the personality of the king. Not appear that he was so sick, and it was insane. Resolu'ción faced the King beating of the day: Louis XIV, in addition to his role as patron, the art and rebuild it patocinar much of El Escorial. Exposes the ambitious nature of his mother Mariana of Austria, calls into question the morbid jucie descriptions of their bodies after embalming, and it is very interesting, draws a comparison of his figure with that of later Bourbons, which gets very below the figure, especially Charles IV and Ferdinand VII.

All these aspects are reflected in the book with several authors and that it coordinates Luis Ribot: Carlos II. The king and his environment . Madrid, 2009.

is also very interesting to read the excellent blog monograph on Charles II: reinadodecarlosii.blogspot.com

What Does Width D Or M

WALK IN THE DISTRICT OF LAVAPIÉS MADRID (III): THE HEART OF THE NEIGHBORHOOD WALK TO THE MADRID

and reaches the end of this tour through the Lavapies or AVAPI, pure and cosmopolitan at once: the elderly English, Indian, Pakistani, Chinese, Muslims, subsaharianios, some Latin American and, at certain times and days, young English people. Who would tell those characters in the seventeenth, the nice, Manolo and rickshaw pullers of XVIII, the thoroughbred of zarzuela, the chops, chotis dancers to the rhythm of organ, the name of your neighborhood so people would be heard in all corners of the planet? This last section will go for the lower area of \u200b\u200bthe amphitheater imaginary we said in the first half.

Lavapiés in the context of downtown Madrid.

Planillo Hand and Footbath ride.

SOME HISTORY

are in the heart of the neighborhood. This place is already a popular village and noisy at that level so valuable Teixeira (1656) . Instead of dueling swordsmen, burglaries and rogue as the seventeenth century. In the eighteenth century, the neighborhood is home of rickshaw pullers (carriage drivers), bullfighters, nice, manolas and other types of the era, far removed from the "Reason and Enlightenment of the eighteenth century.

In the nineteenth century district called the Foundling . He was flanked by his neighbors and also popular: Hospital, East, and Latin the west. Calle de la Magdalena was the northern limit. To the south over the wall of Philip IV (XVII century) and reached the confines of the city, on the banks of the Manzanares, occupying much of the current Arganzuela district, old-school place needy and protagonists of the adventures of characters Galdós and Baroja. In the late nineteenth and early twentieth district is inhabited mayoitariamente for Madrid. Immigrants from other parts of Spain are set to the periphery, being the cheap land still uninhabited. Issue here is the first votes of the PSOE newborn, albeit with very low percentages. Mdrileña The working class does not have full class consciousness and opts for the Republicans.

After the civil war, which was quite hard in this district, as elsewhere, the decline occurs slowly, increasing in the years of product development Franco. Modern houses without breaking the aesthetic taste, migration of youth to the periphery healthier unfortunate reconstructions, etc, made the neighborhood never exceeds its bad reputation and stressed its "underclass." Was gradually losing that Madrid. Today, immigration and the English population somewhat marginal makes your uncomfortable look old and cohabitation is not as harmonious as expected. Gradually gets better but the work is slow and difficult.

LAVAPIÉS SQUARE

where we started the walk the previous entry. The "plaza" of Lavapies (23) is the center neighborhood social. It is a true mix of races and types of all shapes and conditions. It is a triangular-shaped plaza facing the apex to the south. UNED has classrooms, the Teatro Valle Inclán (in a very short appearance) and a number of stores increasing in flux by other ethnic character. Coming from Argumosa Street turn right to reach the Coffee Barbieri (24) at the start of Ave Maria in the corner with Calle de la Fé.

The coffee Madrid Madrid is a istitución of romantic, realistic and pre-civil war. It is the meeting place, January general of the bourgeoisie, large and medium. As coffee is a conspiracy, the gossip, it roams, it is written: are gatherings of yesteryear. Many coffee shops that were in Madrid ( Lift, Farm of Henar , Fontana de Oro, etc) no longer exist, except a few others who survived ups and downs: The Commercial , The Gijón or " Barbieri." The latter is a real gem of establishment, with little touches: mirrors, bar tables, their distribution, etc. A great place to take a quiet drink, tea or coffee. An example of how to survive a while. A few years ago was in a ricón the room, a very elderly lady as a match girl, very nice and told me how she was born on that farm últmo floor and as a memento of his time as a child on Sunday afternoon a car which stopped at the door of the café: a lady came out good-looking and riding in the vehicle. This was before 1931. What historical figure would be in the car, very womanizer, like all his predecessors and successors? Other current cafes changed so much that they lost their charm: The Vienna in Argüelles, for example. Pictured is closed for the desktop when they took the picture. We follow the square, cross Olive Street and take the south of Tribulete.

casticismo AND THE CRUCIBLE FULL

For Tribulete you reach the southern end of the aforementioned Wall Street Inn, pure and cosmopolitan corner with both: the Corrala (25), the Pious Schools (26), and the Foundling . First things first.

corralas The Madrid , were the houses of low quality. Houses were corridor with doors on each floor with access to patio interior, neighborhood meeting place. bore a wooden shoe upper floors in the galleries. This typology is imitation southern and English at the same time. The pen is inhabited by popular types of Madrid, lower class or lower middle. The yard, we see in this corner is a National Monument since 1977. Is now open its outdoor patio, so you better see its structure. These courts were closed. Its architect was José María de Mariategui, who performed in 1839. Some thirty years ago that was restored for posterity.

After viewing the yard, we are in the Wall Street Inn, behind the street market and the said Ambassadors San Fernando. Opens a space as a square. Here, as elsewhere in the neighborhood, this character lives pure and Madrid popular with ethnic types cited: SSA with their brightly colored clothing in summer, Muslim women in these countries merchants such as butchers "Jalal", with cut meat according to Muslim rites, resturants, etc.

There is a housing block of the modern type and no aesthetic value of the 70 . We look at it because it was the site of a very famous institution of Madrid yesterday: The Foundling . The "orphan" was a typical character that Madrid had spent their childhood in this institution. Mothers who got rid of their newborn children to deposit their babies in a vice not to be discovered. I picked up some nuns who raised them until I was about ten or twelve years. When they went in early adolescence had to move to the San Fernando Hospice, an institution that was Fuencarral Street, jewel of Baroque building in Madrid of Pedro de Ribera . This building was demolished and built modern block we see today.

The Pious Schools once was a religious building. Schools were built for the priests Escolapios notif 1762 and 1791. It was destroyed in the war was civil and the ruin of their church, their classrooms have become the market of San Fernando said the first part of the ride. It survived the great dome on a drum and part of the facade. After being abandoned and to be a crime, was restored to the UNED. Today is a library and a splendid restaurant and café. Is an example of how to save historic ruins.

Coffee
Barbieri.

Olive Street from below, from the square.

Corrala Mesón de Paredes.

modern residential building in the Solar inclusiveness.

traditionalism A LITTLE MORE AND STILL COSMOPOLITANISM
What's more the purity, in this corner were reminded of the soul of the folklore of Madrid and its involvement in cosmopolitanism. A letter of Madrid's most famous chotis written by a Mexican: Agustín Lara, who also wrote songs today taken as true English soul, such as: Granada, dreamland for me. Madrid is a Muslim name: Mairit or Megerit, has a dance from Central Europe: the Scottish schottisch or developed by a Mexican, and now immigration. Therefore, it is Madrid city alluvial and miscegenation. Hence his greatness and originality. Agustín Lara

(Tlacotalpan / Veracruz, 1897-Mexico City, 1970) was from a poor family and eventful life: a little boy moved with his family in Mexico City and combined his musical creations with radio announcer job smpatizante military and the Mexican Revolution. Your Bullfighting made him immortal friend Manolete. Franco gave it a home in Granada universal gratitude for his song.

The "chotis" is the soul of Madrid. Is imported as usual in Madrid and its assimilation into the strange. Is a dance from Central Europe that took its name from "Scottish" or "schottisch" . He came to the Town and Court to stay forever in the mid-nineteenth century. From then on dance festivals to date. It is accompanied by organ music to dance to crank a couple: she "Manton de Manila " and man with a scarf around his neck and a visor cap.

Madrid, Madrid, Madrid

in Mexico think much of you

This letter is universally known and associated with our city. Could only be the corner of Madrid to remind the Mexican composer since 1975 with a statuette. Statue

Mexican composer Agustin Lara.

Tombstone monument.

Ruins of the Pious Schools.

facade of the Pious Schools, which currently houses the UNED:

National University of Distance Education.

(See left the classrooms again.)

RUNNING WALK Returning
our steps back to the Plaza de Lavapiés and take the Calle de Miguel Servet, in memory of the famous English physician, the victim of Calvin in the sixteenth century, to see, where semiesquina with Calle del Amparo, ua of the taverns that resisted over time. We are in the Donato House Tavern (27) , period.

The Madrid taverns were, like the cafes, the social life of Madrid. But unlike these, were visited by the workers. The wine from La Mancha in Toledo or Valdepeñas, both bullies in the jar (wide mouth square bottle with cork covered with thick), soaked glasses on top of zinc counter, from which came a constant stream of water to wash those glasses and refreshing way of them, were part of these pubs. The rest of the desk was carved and the walls decorated with multicolored tiles with border, leaving half of the blank wall of lime. In

entry May 2, 2009 in my blog I talk about these taverns in Madrid. Do not look earlier in the medela Antonio Sanchez as unique. Others are even better preserved or reforms but something unfortunate or not. Some are: The Ancient King of Wines , Calle Bailen, Casa Paco, Plaza de Puerta Cerrada (where you take the best red meat from Madrid), or the historic as Casa Ciriaco at the end of Main Street (frequented by Zuloaga and where you take the chicken empepitoria), whose murderous bomb doors fell on the day of the wedding of Alfonso XIII in June 1905, or House Tavern Labra on Calle Tetuan, after the Puerta del Sol (instead of battered cod), compared to the side of Corte Inglés. The latter has a discrete Tavern tombstone from the May 2, 1979, recalling the first anniversary of the foundation, in hiding, the PSOE, Pablo Iglesias, Dr. Jaime Vera and some workers. It was the beginning of the organized labor movement in Spain.

Donato House Tavern.

Continuing along the Calle de Miguel Servet down, we see on the right, another corrala (28) more in keeping with the typical type as the previous view. Street closed to overlook the galleries while having one of the walls of a storey high. It's much older, 1790. In 1981 it was well restored with a pink tone. Today its restaurants have such low Lebanese with Arabic food and green teas.

Corrala Miguel Servet (I).

Corrala Miguel Servet (II).

the same street we at the beginning of the first tranche, the Glorieta de Embajadores. End here my first three entries on walks through the historic center of Madrid. I will go gradually exposing other rides later. I chose this area as first as one of the most popular and represntativs of Madrid yesterday in connection with the current. Also, my current house is very near here, is also a brother of the neighborhood where I was born and where he lived my childhood and early jueventud: Malasaña or "Barrio de las Maravillas."

Where Can I Find Cute Running Shirts

Lavapiés (II): Tirso de Molina A "LA PLAZA" WALK TO THE MADRID

continue the walk along the upper area of \u200b\u200bthe district, and close to the Plaza de Tirso de Molina, del Progreso, before the civil war. Gradually descend to the Plaza de Lavapies heart of the neighborhood.

Lavapiés map.

Lavapiés in the context of downtown Madrid.

begin the journey up the street from the Knights to the Calle del Meson de Paredes, street trading and the main streets of the neighborhood.

Street Inn Wall.

ANTONIO SANCHEZ, AND PAINTER TORERO

Turn left to see the Taberna de Antonio Sanchez (13) , true historical institution of the neighborhood, and Madrid. The pub has retained its historic decor, both inside and outside your home. It was founded in 1830 and has always been in the hands of fighters. In 1884 he bought the valdepeñero Antonio Sánchez Ruíz, father of the bullfighter Antonio Sanchez. Torero was between 1922 and 1929. Zuloaga friend, a painter who established a gathering and encouraged the bullfighter to be a painter too. Taurine journalist Antonio Díaz Cañabate wrote in 1947 a History Tavern set of engravings that customs of Madrid that we gone forever. Antonio Sanchez died in 1964. It is a pleasure to be a good "flat" in this historic Valdepeñas local.

Taberna de Antonio Sanchez.

History of a tavern, Cañabate Diaz.

PICASSO IN MADRID

continue along the Calle de la Fencing busy street in this stretch, with a fish and meat together, giving a market environment on weekdays. Opposite was a typical oven Madrid, cakes and breads, but now disappeared and is a cultural center. We turn laizquierda by Jesus and Mary Street and turned right down the street from the Soler and Gonzalez. The corner is a very picturesque corner of the neighborhood typical picture (14) . We continued along the street and in their corner of San Pedro Martir, find the house where he lived the painter Pablo Picasso (15) in 1898, fresh from his Manchester home before traveling to Paris.

Corner of the head with Jesus and Mary.

Picasso House.

Picasso House (Detail).

Tamajón THE CURE

Following the road ahead, we cross the street Lavapiés. From now called Calle de la Cabeza. In this corner we find an old house with AVAPI Tavern (16) closed by end of business. This building, badly damaged and almost in ruins, in the nineteenth century was a prison. At the time of Liberal Triennium (1820-1823) was imprisoned Matías Vinuesa: "The cure Tamajón" .

Jail where he was killed "Tamajón Cure."

belligerent priest born in the town of Burgos de Neila, in 1778. After leading the anti-French guerrillas from 1808 to 1814, he became a fierce realistic. In February 1821 he was arrested, accused of plotting against the liberal regime. On 4 May he was sentenced ten years in prison. That day, the mobs that saw little sentence, marched from the Puerta del Sol, stormed the building and killed with a hammer first, then with sabers and bullets, Matías Vinuesa, the unfortunate priest. A very typical of Spain crime in times civil wars.

Continuing along this street are in building number 18 curious (17) , of \u200b\u200bthe 20's. Curious appearance is more of a northern English coud that of Madrid, glass viewpoints. Later

crosses Olive Grove Street and look at the slope down towards the river. " Later we arrived at the Calle Torrecilla del Leal. This street turn right and south. Gradually boot the steep descent. right to go through a typical of the 70 cafes, antique stores reformed after (19).

and sharply Down turn right and see a very interesting corner of Fleet Street (20) to follow Spring Street. Turn left into Calle de la Fé and get to the church of San Lorenzo (21) restored. We arrived at Argumosa (22) , busy street in summer, full of terraces, bars normal, bars, etc. This street comes to the Plaza de Lavapiés heart of the neighborhood and end point of this part of the course.

northern type House.

corner Calle Cabeza del Olivar.

If we broaden the picture with a click, see the left the street sign that says Olmo. Below puts LA, which is a continuation of Candela. This and a cocktail bar that opens almost until dawn. It is a den of night owls. It is by a reader wants to not lie down and experience the nightlife of Madrid to the fullest.

Cafetín rather old establishment.

Incio of Fleet Street.

Church of San Lorenzo.

Argumosa Street.

Lavapiés Square, heart of the neighborhood.

Disney Merchandise In Melb

Lavapiés (I): RISING AMBASSADORS FOR WALKS

After Lima entries based on my Christmas trip to South America, now expose the contrast: I return to my hometown. A few days after returning from the summer Lima, I found a paseillo the Madrid cold winter and a January afternoon. Quite a leap from those streets (shreds) the historical center of Lima to the streets of the central heart of Madrid. City of the Kings of Lima to the Villa y Corte de Madrid.

peculiar urban space

This little corner of the purest Madrid, is located on the southeastern end of the current City Center of Madrid (coincident with the old pre-industrial). Pecualiar Why? These streets were formed in the late sixteenth century as a suburb of the growing city, following the designation by Philip II in Madrid as the permanent seat of the English monarchy in 1561.

This area was a popular neighborhood has always humble class. If you look at the topography we see that is located on a huge hill that descends to the river Manzanares. Its streets are old channels of streams, before urbanization. It has always been known locally as "Slumber," appellation to be topographically low, and class and being popular. This Lavapiés, as Madrid, was a typically castizo little cosmopolitan, operettas and stage manners. But today, since the end of the twentieth century XXI s beginning, the society has changed radically and, still a popular neighborhood economically, is a multicultural area, different races (North Africans, Indians, Pakistanis, Chinese, Latin American, Sub-Saharan African, European tourists or other parts of Spain and, of course, Madrid) walk the streets with their personal habits, exotic establishments, accents and languages \u200b\u200bare heard by their Ricon. Sure your name is known in some corners of these places of origin of immigrants who live there.

To view the tour will make an itinerary that is born and ends at the same point: the Glorieta de Embajadores, south of the neighborhood. 'll Go up and around by its high altitude of reminiscent of an amphitheater, to fall back to the roundabout. Divide it in three innings, given the large number of photos I shot on the trip. Anyway a couple of hours can make the trip safely. As can be seen in the completely level will follow the direction of clockwise. I hope readers like the @ s .

Lavapiés situation in the context of the historical center of Madrid.

AROUND THE ROUNDABOUT OF AMBASSADORS

The today Glorieta de Embajadores (1) was the southernmost city of the Old Regime. There was a secondary Portilo halfway between the Atocha doors and Toledo, true inputs to the town from Toledo, Andalusia and Levante. Its peripheral character gave him a sense of craftsmanship and road. It was a neighborhood of rickshaw pullers and majos and manolas (types castizos Madrid, especially the eighteenth century) ever since. Since the early eighteenth century operettas and farces of Cañizares and Ramon de la Cruz were carried out in these streets, with its picaresque atmosphere and petty crime. Later, between the nineteenth and twentieth centuries are witnessing the peak of zarzuelas lavapiesino and authentic atmosphere. This roundabout has a large bustle of traffic and people, it has an underground station commuter rail and subway that connects to the crowded southern suburbs of metropolitan France.

We lined the street Ambassadors up and see the Casino Queen (3). Before was a real flag. In 1881, Francisco Jarecki size just this building neomudéjar, with the usual brick for Veterinary Faculty, Institute of High Cervantes today.

Casino Queen.

Ambassadors continue to find, right, the House Tobacco (2) . Is a neoclassical building from the late eighteenth century with later alterations. Today is casrón left waiting and have a use. Initially a card factory and spirits. Their workers were the famous cigar "in the neighborhood. Take arms were women, feminist oasis in Madrid. Conflictive and very rebellious, very organized, even had their nursing home and day care for small children (Asylum Cigar-4) in Tribulete street on the left, past the Instituto Cervantes. In the opposite corner we see the dwelling (5) Madrid typical of the late nineteenth century. They were buildings of brick or not (neomudéjar). Behind them the walls were made of wooden planks with large nails that curl the strong cords or ropes. The neomudéjar Madrid was very typical of the Restoration. It also lies opposite the San Fernando Market (6) , neoherreriano style, taste very Franco from the 40 and 50, with the towers topped in spire of slate.

Old Tobacco Factory. Fronting the roundabout.

Street facade to the Ambassadors.

Cigar Asylum.

tenements on the corner of Tribulete Ambassadors.

Mercado de San Fernando.

STREET UP: IGLESIA DE SAN CAYETANO
Towards the middle of the slope, we see the narrow right hand Cabestreros Crossing, dead silent, typical the neighborhood.

Cabestreros Crossing.

Back on the street, left at the corner of Calle de Rodas, see an old house (9) , now squats example of such must have been in other times. An old and curious front facade tiles with drawings, very typical of Madrid one of the early twentieth century, and there are some copies around the old city. This is an old hairdresser (8) , reconvetida in a booth, although the facade that protected and can not be deleted or altered. Old

hairdresser.

House squatters.

And finally we come to the corner with some of the neighborhood art itself: the Church of San Cayetano (10) . We are facing a Baroque church, the mid-seventeenth century English Sad (1661). It is a unique temple: Greek cross plan with five domes and a central slender and stands in the distance. To be in a very narrow stretch of the road is very difficult to photograph without angular. It is still unclear the author: Marcos López , Churriguera or Pedro de Ribera. Despite the restoration of postwar still see the devastation, especially in the towers, the fire of 1936, at the beginning of civil war. The main façade has three fine niches separated by pilasters that reach the ground. It is flanked by windows with triangular pediments. Brickwork alternating with the base and the slip to the Bear Street ashlar stonework. This is already more ornate baroque than the beginning of the century or Juan Gómez de Mora without hearing masonry boxes, so characteristic of the reign of Philip III. For over twenty years disappeared a tavern opposite the church where they served a very typical spirit of that postwar Spain: the Machaquito, anise very dry, very high alcohol content.

Church of San Cayetano. Baroque, 1661.

Almost at the end of the street, very near Cascorro, Real Madrid corner, neighbor's door and not less castizo Trail, we found, on the left, corner of Abbott Street, an old house urban gentleman (11) , with his shield and full abandonment status, pending a restaración that is crying. A shame if it were demolished, although there have been more outrageous cases, and democracy now. In the years of the ancien regime, the privileged classes and the underprivileged lived in the same neighborhood. Until the nineteenth century, the wealthy do not move to the widening of Salamanca. In front we see the renewed
Teatro Pavón (12) , the Basque architect Theodore Anastos , built between 1924 and 1925, typical building art deco of interwar Europe. Casona

impaired urban gentleman.

Teatro Pavón.

Taking the right hand side, along the Street of the Knights reached the Calle del Meson de Paredes. Here we will follow the next entry.