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problem that led to war: the compensation to Spain
The August 2, 1831 the young Republic of Peru recognizes that it must pay compensation to the Kingdom of Spain by way of the War of Emancipation. In 1850, agrees to pay such compensation if Peru to recognize Spain as an independent country. If the Madrid government had agreed to this request it is possible that relations between both countries and the other republics had followed other channels latinaomericanas much friendlier and earlier dates. This non-recognition, and at that time in initiating the European neo-imperialism coincided with the need for affirmation of national consciousness of those countries had between thirty and twenty-five independent years.
The scientific expedition
On August 10, 1862 sailed from Cadiz a scientific expedition to South America. On October 6 anchored in Rio de Janeiro. On December 6 they did in Montevideo, the port where they are joined by the battleship Covadonga, commanded by Hernández Pinzón, a descendant of the legendary Columbian finches. On May 9, arrived in Valparaíso. On July 10 docked at Callao (Lima).
Pinzón was arrogant and rude person, who did not know digest is not received by the Peruvian government. Sail to Mexico and from there return to Peru.
Talambo The incident
In 1859 Latin America was already receiving immigrants from Europe and other continents in order to start exploiting its vast territories and natural resources. Thousands of Europeans, Anglo-Saxon north, and the Mediterranean region, abandoning their miserable lives, victims of the industrial revolution, to seek the American dream.
In this context and in that year, the Peruvian government authorizes M. Salcedo, owner of the estate of that name, to hire English farmers for their properties. In July 1859, arriving at the farm. There was a serious altercation that ended with English dead and several wounded. Pezet then president promises justice and initiate an investigation. The English press warms the atmosphere.
Elizabethan government sent a singular character: Mazarredo Eugenio Salazar, also a bully. In his heart was aimed at annexing the Chincha Islands (already indicated that rich guano) to change with Britain over the rock of Gibraltar. Nothing more or less the character's crazy plan.
far Peru is cooperating posture while putting conditions in both debt and research Talambo the incident. The English position, however, can still be semi-colonial attitude. He had not digested the fact of life and independence as possible without turning back.
turns to the war
In January 1864, again the Peruvian government, as happened with Pinzon, refuses to recognize. His pride wounded, managed to convince it to occupy the said islands guano IBTS south of Lima, off the Paracas Peninsula. The occupation took place on 14 April that same year, 1864. Islands would be used as currency for payment of debt and punish those guilty of Talambo.
The ocuapación of these islands, source of wealth for Peru, sparked the indignation of the Peruvian people, who calls the war now. Other countries also reacted angrily. A popular Latin American solidarity broke is the decade in which the European powers and also Spain, timidly, they seemed to hinder the former independence. In reality, European imperialism attempted indirect, in any case a "reconquista." The news did not push at the moment to governments, who sought a peaceful settlement.
Recall that the Elizabethan monarchy was on a very active foreign policy: Morocco, Santo Domingo, Mexico, Equatorial Guinea, Vietnam. sometimes alone, sometimes in submission to the other powers in general to the French Empire of Napoleon III. In this context, Salazar returned to Spain and Mazarredo in July 1864. Azuza stating that the environment has been the victim of a poisoning attempt. At that time the Peruvian people quiet pressure on the government of Peru.
Elizabethan Government sent Admiral Pareja. As we know, Lima's birth. His father died in Chile in the War of Emancipation. This character, unlike San Martin at the time, had no ties with America. On the contrary, it appears that Latin America was to avenge the death of his father.
The English fleet at that time consisted Numancia ships, Resolution , Almansa, Winner, Blanche of Castile, Berengaria , Villa de Madrid and Covadonga. Interestingly, the English Armada was even important. After Britain and France, had great power in Europe. He was beating on some early losses century. Peruvian vessels were the Huascar and Independencia . The heated atmosphere
exploded even more with the signing in front of El Callao called Vivanco-Pareja Treaty . The Peruvian general and the English admiral signed the agreement that was accessible to English petitions without the prior repayment of the Chincha Islands. The Peruvian population considered it a humiliation. When it seemed that things were going to be solved, a English sailors landed in El Callao, led an attack against them, killing one of them. Pezet President agreed to compensate the widow.
Soon, the rush events: a coup emerged in Arequipa, which fell from power Pezet. The new government will not accept the treaty and re-tension. Something similar happened in Chile: the people beyond the quiet government. Also the Chilean government fell. A feeling of solidarity runs some popular American republics.
On September 24, 1865 Chile declared war on Spain. On 13 December he was Peru. Things get complicated upon receipt of declarations of war from Ecuador and Bolivia on January 14, 1866.
war broke no benefits sterile and useless for any of the warring parties. The war lasted until 1871 and 1885, as peace with the four republics.
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